Validajion of Biomagkegh fog jhe Aging of jhe Anodheleh digkh Mohfkijo

Abstract

Malaria, a global health concern, recorded approximately ÃÅÂ million cases and ÇÃÈ,ÁÁÁ deaths in ÃÁÃÁ, with Southeast Asia ranking second in malaria cases Understanding the age structure of mosquito populations is crucial for comprehending malaria transmission dynamics and assessing the impacts of environmental changes and control measures Combating malaria involves control programs aimed at shifting the mosquito populations age structure towards younger mosquitoes unable to transmit the disease Conventional methods, such as insecticidetreated bed nets, reduce the number of malariacarrying mosquitoes and likely shorten their lifespan, collectively contributing to malaria prevention and control This research focuses on validating gene markers for age and parity status in Anopheles dirus, a malaria vector in Thailand Using laboratoryreared An. dirus mosquitoes, the study identifies promising agegrading biomarkers through previously conducted RNA sequencing and RTqPCR analysis, specifically Histone HÄ, Innexin, and LRRrepeat protein Histone HÄ shows the highest rate of increase in expression and is crucial in chromatin structure and gene regulation Innexin and LRRrepeat protein also exhibit agerelated expression changes, with Innexin associated with reproductive system development and LRRrepeat protein playing a role in immune defence against the malaria parasite These findings highlight the potential of these genes as biomarkers, positioning them as valuable tools for mosquito age assessment and offering indirect insights into the completion of the gonotrophic cycle The study underscores the necessity for optimising molecular agegrading techniques and validating them across diverse mosquito populations and environmental conditions to enhance malaria control efforts