Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) Seed Extract on TNF-α induced Human Keratinocyte Skin Cells (HaCaT) as Inflammatory Skin Disorder Treatment

Abstract

Skin inflammatory disease such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis still remains a major problem because of their chronic nature. Treatments for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis has been solely focused on symptom management. Recently, it has been reported that phytochemical compounds from Calophyllum inophyllum seed possesses anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effect to treat skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Calophyllum inophyllum extract in TNF-α Induced Human Keratinocyte (HaCaT). First, Calophyllum inophyllum extraction was done using ethanol, methanol and n-Hexane solvent to obtain three different Calophyllum inophyllum extract (CIE). Then, MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of ethanol, methanol and n-Hexane CIE and cytotoxicity was not observed up to 200 μg/mL concentrations. CIE ethanol and methanol extract was able to reduce HaCaT proliferative activity caused by TNF-α and protect cells from apoptosis. Meanwhile, CIE hexane extract showed both cell proliferation when treated to HaCaT alone, and showed reduction in HaCaT hyperproliferative activity in TNF-α induced cells. The CIE hexane extract was capable of decreasing mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, CIE extract could be a potential candidate to treat atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.