Exploring Population Structure of 7 Different Indonesian Populations Based on Genetic Data

Abstract

The ethnic diversity throughout Indonesian populations, provide a unique opportunity to investigate how they are they related or distinguished concerning one genetic structure to another. In this study, the 7 Indonesian genetic data (Balinese, Batak, Bugis, Javanese, Malay, Nias, and Sundanese) were derived from blood samples that were taken after getting the ethical clearance and the inform consent from the respondents. By using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study managed to characterize the genetic structure of 7 Indonesia populations into three distinct clusters. Moreover, by using ADMIXTURE software, the mixture of ancestry portions based on Singapore Genetic Variation Project (SGVP) populations (Chinese (CHS), Malay (MAS), and Indian (INS) descendants in Singapore) on the 7 Indonesia populations has also been identified. In addition, global genetic diversity has also been characterized by including SGVP populations into PCA plotting. There are 3 clusters of population in PCA plot (Cluster 1: Bali, Javanese, Sundanese; Cluster 2: Batak, Malay, Bugis; and Cluster 3: Nias), whose ancestry mixture shows dominant MAS portion with different pattern for each cluster. This identified similarity and differences may eventually help to explain the genetic diversity within the 7 Indonesia populations.