http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/526 Research and Community Service reports produced by Lecturers of Biomedicine Indonesian International Institute for Life Sciences. Wed, 22 Apr 2026 05:32:24 GMT 2026-04-22T05:32:24Z http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/831 Title: In Vitro Study of Type I and III Collagen Expression by Active AAG1-AAI on With 2D Human Dermal Fibroblast Culture Using ELISA Authors: Hartrianti, Pietradewi Abstract: Aging is an essential and inevitable part of the biological process in living organisms. As a slow and chronic process, aging causes the gradual deterioration of physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and immune responses. The skin exhibits the most visible signs of aging due to its large volume and location on the body surface; creating an issue for most of the population which idealizes young and healthy skin. Hence, considerable efforts have been exerted in cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors as a way to find remedies to delay or reverse aging (Kazanci, Kurus, & Atasever, 2016). Most anti-aging products target extracellular matrix (ECM) component production by fibroblasts, as its reduced production is one of the main mechanisms of dermal atrophy, a condition tightly related to aging. One of said ECM components, type I collagen, is an anti-aging marker as it constitutes the majority of collagens in the skin. Type I collagen typically constitutes 80% of the total collagen content in young skin, this is followed by type III collagen which constitutes 12%. With its role in providing tensile strength and elasticity to the skin, changes in collagen content would have visible results; as observed in skin wrinkling. It has been observed that the ratio between type I and type III collagen decreases with age, further emphasizing the significance of both collagen types in aging (Reilly & Lozano, 2021). With such findings, the anti-aging efficacy of a product can be measured from its ability to induce collagen production. To test cosmetic products, it is essential to have appropriate test systems to properly simulate the complexity of human skin; a property which is not represented in two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Hence, artificial skin equivalents such as the EpiDerm™ Skin Model can be used as a solution. The ability of skin equivalents to simulate processes involved in the skin, such as penetration, makes it ideal for usage in this study (Neupane et al., 2020). This study aims to evaluate the effect of active AAG1-AAI on type I and III collagen in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) with the EpiDermTM Skin Model artificial skin equivalent as a skin barrier model by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mon, 06 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/831 2022-06-06T00:00:00Z http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/830 Title: In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Study of Glycols as Penetration Enhancers towards Niacinamide against Skin Models Authors: Hartrianti, Pietradewi Abstract: Human skin is the largest organ that covers 16% of the body weight. Normally, skin comprises a multilayer membrane that is known as hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis (Kahraman, et al., 2019). Stratum corneum (SC) is known as the outermost layer of epidermis. It is made up from the binding interaction between corneocytes and lipid interface which includes free fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides (Elias & Wakefield, 2010). Stratum corneum also works as the permeability barrier and antimicrobial defenses. In general, the mechanism of barrier function as the permeability is by the regulation of IL-1α, Ca++, pH, liposensors, serine proteases signaling through the PAR2, TRPV1 and 4 as the receptors. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial activity of the skin barrier is regulated by the signaling of 1,25 (OH)2D3, an IL-1α. The signaling pathway of SC as the permeability barrier and antimicrobial defense are occured in lamellar bilayer (Elias, 2008). Moreover, skin is known as the important route for topical and systemic administration (Praça, et al., 2018). Skin naturally is able to regulate the passage of a certain compound to pass through the skin layer, scientifically known as percutaneous absorption. In general, percutaneous absorption is classified into three steps, starting from penetration, permeation, and resorption (Bartosova & Bajga, 2012). Penetration is known as the entry of a particular substance to the SC. Following that, the compound is penetrated from the SC to a deeper layer which has a different function and structure. This process is called permeation. This step is carried out by a diffusion process. The skin permeation is known to be slower than penetration due to the binding of various types of ions (e.g. metal ions, ammonium ions), sulfonium salts, acrylates, etc. SC is mainly used as the rate limiting barrier due to the high resistance to diffusion rate. Meanwhile, resorption is known as the process of uptake of a particular substance into a vascular system. The chemical transport into the skin involves three mechanisms (Bartosova & Bajga, 2012). Transcellular absorption is the process when the particular compound is transferred throughout the keratin-packed corneocytes by a cell membrane partitioning. The mechanism is followed by the intercellular absorption pathway. It occurs when the chemical is moving around the corneocytes which happens in lipid-rich extracellular regions. The end of the second pathway is indicated by the chemicals bypassing the corneocytes and entering the shunts that are provided by the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. In the percutaneous absorption, a compound that is contacted with skin is generally crossed the diffusional barrier, followed by the uptake by the capillary network that is intended for systemic circulation. However, the compound might undergo evaporation from the surface of the skin. The binding and penetration to SC also possibly occurred as well as the compound is able to be metabolized. Due to the external and internal environment, skin faces some challenges that might decrease its properties. Cosmetics appear as the solution to overcome many skin problems. It is defined as a preparation that is used to clean, beautify, promote attractiveness, alter the body appearance, and also maintain the skin and hair condition (Misui, 1997). Cosmetics are generally classified into skin care, hair care, oral care, and body cosmetics with various pharmacological activities such as anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, whitening agent, cleansing agent, etc. It has been proven that the presence of an active ingredient in cosmetics is expected to exert protective activity, resulting in an improvement of the skin (Kraeling, et al. 2015). However, many of the active ingredients have limited penetration due to many factors, resulting in reduced activity. Therefore, to ensure adequate activity, percutaneous absorption study of the penetration enhancers are important to determine the ability of the penetrant to stimulate the API to penetrate into a deep layer. Percutaneous absorption study is an evaluation of the ability of a certain ingredient to pass through the upper skin membrane. Penetration study is commonly carried out either by in vitro or in vivo test. In vitro penetration test is carried out by applying the cosmetic formulation into multiple types of either human oranimal skin models. It is designated to measure the ability of chemicals to cross the skin membrane into a fluid reservoir. It is appropriately used to predict human dermal penetration study. In vitro method is preferred due to a lower cost, time needed, reproducibility, and less restricted parameters. Thu, 09 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/830 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/829 Title: In Vitro Extracellular Matrix Expression Analysis on the Anti-Aging Activity of Cosmetics on Primary Human Dermal Fibroblast Authors: Hartrianti, Pietradewi Abstract: Skin is the largest organ in the human body. As the organ that is exposed towards the environment, skin confers a cosmetic role in which clean and beautiful skin is perceived as a symbol of beauty and may have a positive influence on the social behavior of surrounding people as well as symbolize the perceived “health” of an individual. However, being exposed to the environment also made the skin vulnerable to damage, which resulted in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, dry skin, thickened epidermis, skin darkening, and discoloration. These conditions are also referred to as skin aging, and many researchers have now considered skin aging as a separate disease that would require more attention [1,2,3]. Many factors could contribute towards the skin aging process and these factors are generally divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors particularly involve age and the genetic makeup of an individual, while extrinsic factors typically involve radiation, chemicals, pollution, and toxins exposure, and are receiving more attention as skin aging prevention strategies. The combination of these factors accelerates the aging process and affects skin appearances as a whole. In particular importance towards the aging process is the level of extracellular matrix components such as protein (e.g. collagen, elastin) and naturally occurring hyaluronic acid, as these components received the highest impact of skin aging processes [2,3,4]. Throughout history, many attempts have been made to preserve skin’s beauty and youthful appearance and to slow down the skin aging process. Skin aging prevention involves the development of various cosmetics that protect against damaging UV radiation, oxidative damage. Additionally, various cosmetics also induce extracellular matrix content synthesis to replenish extracellular matrix content that has been lost. The development of anti-aging cosmetic products is of particular interest due to the growing interest in having beautiful and healthy skin, as well as for the maintenance of healthy skin [2,3]. In this study, an anti-aging cosmetic from a well-known cosmetic company will be tested to examine their capability of inducing expression of collagen I, collagen III, elastin, and hyaluronic acid in primary human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell lines. Fibroblast is a cell type which is responsible and contributes to the formation of connective tissue. It is responsible for producing extracellular matrices (ECM) and exist abundantly in the dermal layer of the skin [5,6,7]. ECM is responsible for the elasticity and firmness of the skin which are often attributed as the level of health and youthfulness of the skin. Fibroblasts in aged skin would have a lowered level of expressionin the ECM production compared to young adult skin [8,9]. Based on these, it is possible to see whether the product is able to increase the production of ECM by measuring the expression level of several ECM markers after treatment of a skincare product. The expression level of ECM markers such as collagen I, collagen III, elastin, and hyaluronic acid are necessary to determine the level of skin aging. An increase in the production of the ECM would delay and prevent loss of elasticity and firmness of the skin which are usually the most prominent sign of aging. Wed, 14 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/829 2022-09-14T00:00:00Z http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/828 Title: In Vitro Cytoprotective Study of X Sunscreen Against Blue Light Authors: Hartrianti, Pietradewi Abstract: Nowadays skin damage has been known to not only occur under ultraviolet exposure but also in the high energy visible (HEV) light called blue light that has a wavelength in the range of 400 to 500 nm (Coats et al., 2021). In fact, a paper stated that the effect of visible light exposure that can be emitted from any electronic device may cause hyperpigmentation, DNA damage, and oxidative stress that leads to skin aging (Campiche et al., 2020). Due to its proven risk of damaging the skin, some sunscreen products have claimed photoprotective capability for their product to not only be able to protect against ultraviolet exposure but also to protect the skin from exposure to blue light by reflecting and scattering the light. This increase in claims has been increasing alongside the current rise in online activity which results in increased usage of blue light-emitting electronic devices and exposure to blue light. Due to these increasing claims, there is a need to validate them through a scientifically proven and validated method, such as in vitro assay using immortalized keratinocyte cells called HaCat cells. Thu, 08 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://http://repository.i3l.ac.id:80/jspui/handle/123456789/828 2022-12-08T00:00:00Z